In the context of expectancy, what does it refer to?

Expectancy in the context of training refers to beliefs about the link between behavior and performance. This concept is rooted in the idea that an individual’s expectations regarding their effort will lead to desired outcomes in performance. When learners perceive a strong connection between their effort (the behaviors they engage in during training or work) and the results of their performance, they are more likely to be motivated to apply what they've learned. This belief helps establish a mindset geared towards achieving specific goals, ultimately influencing the transfer of training and the likelihood of effectively applying new skills in real-world situations.

The other options, while related to aspects of learning and achievement, do not encapsulate the core of what expectancy refers to within this context. The focus on behavior-performance linkage is what drives the motivation and effectiveness of training initiatives.